通过使用智能电表，零售商可以收集有关消费者行为的大量数据。从收集的数据中，零售商可以获取家庭概况信息并实施需求响应。尽管零售商更喜欢在不同客户中获取尽可能准确的模型，但有两个主要挑战。首先，零售市场中的不同零售商不会共享消费者的电力消耗数据，因为这些数据被视为其资产，这导致了数据岛的问题。其次，由于不同的零售商可以为各种消费者服务，因此电力负载数据是高度异质的。为此，提出了基于共识算法和长期记忆（LSTM）的完全分布的短期负载预测框架，这可能保护客户的隐私并满足准确的负载预测要求。具体而言，利用完全分布式的学习框架进行分布式培训，并采用共识技术来符合机密隐私。案例研究表明，所提出的方法具有相当的性能，而对准确性的集中方法具有相当的性能，但是所提出的方法显示了训练速度和数据隐私的优势。

虽然已知辍学是一种成功的正规化技术，但仍缺乏对导致成功的机制的见解。我们介绍了\ emph {重量膨胀}的概念，这增加了由权重协方差矩阵的列或行载体跨越的并行曲线的签名体积，并表明重量膨胀是增加PAC中概括的有效手段。 - bayesian设置。我们提供了一个理论上的论点，即辍学会导致体重扩大和对辍学和体重扩张之间相关性的广泛经验支持。为了支持我们的假设，即可以将重量扩张视为增强的概括能力的\ emph {指示器}，而不仅仅是副产品，我们还研究了实现重量扩展的其他方法（resp。\ contraction \ contraction ），发现它们通常会导致（分别\ \降低）的概括能力。这表明辍学是一种有吸引力的正规化器，因为它是一种用于获得体重扩展的计算廉价方法。这种洞察力证明了辍学者作为正规化器的作用，同时为确定正规化器铺平了道路，这些正规化器有望通过体重扩张来改善概括。

传统的假视频检测方法输出篡改图像的可能性值或可疑掩码。但是，这种无法解释的结果不能用作令人信服的证据。因此，更好地追溯虚假视频来源。传统的散列方法用于检索语义 - 相似的图像，这不能区分图像的细微差别。具体地，与传统视频检索相比，源跟踪。从类似的源视频中找到真实的挑战是一项挑战。我们设计了一种新的损失哈希多粒损失，解决了人们的视频非常相似的问题：与不同角度相同的场景，与同一个人的类似场景。我们提出了基于视觉变压器的模型，名为视频跟踪和篡改本地化（VTL）。在第一阶段，我们通过Vithash（VTL-T）训练哈希中心。然后，将假视频输入到Vithash，该vithash输出散列码。哈希码用于从哈希中心检索源视频。在第二阶段，源视频和假视频被输入到生成器（VTL-L）。然后，掩盖可疑区域以提供辅助信息。此外，我们构建了两个数据集：DFTL和Davis2016-TL。对DFTL的实验明显展示了我们在类似视频的追踪中框架的优势。特别地，VTL还通过在Davis2016-TL上实现了与最先进的方法的相当性能。我们的源代码和数据集已在github上发布：\ url {https:/github.com/lajlksdf/vtl}。

嵌入在自主系统中的机器学习（ML）组件的增加使用 - 所谓的启用学习的系统（LES） - 导致压力需要确保其功能安全性。至于传统的功能安全，在工业和学术界的新兴共识是为此目的使用保证案例。通常，保证案例支持可靠性的支持权，支持安全性，并且可以被视为组织争论和从安全分析和可靠性建模活动产生的证据的结构化方式。虽然这些保证活动传统上由基于协商一致的标准，但由于ML模型的特点和设计，在安全关键应用中，LES构成了新的挑战。在本文中，我们首先向LES提出了一种强调定量方面的总体保证框架，例如，打破系统级安全目标与可靠性指标中所述的组件级要求和支持索赔。然后，我们向ML分类器介绍一种新的模型 - 不可能可靠性评估模型（RAM），该分类器利用操作简档和鲁棒性验证证据。我们讨论了模型假设以及评估我们RAM揭示的ML可靠性的固有挑战，并提出了实用的解决方案。还基于RAM开发了较低ML组件级的概率安全争论。最后，为了评估和展示我们的方法，我们不仅对合成/基准数据集进行实验，还展示了我们对模拟中自动水下车辆的综合案例研究的方法。

尽管深度强化学习（DRL）为控制机器人和自主系统（RAS）的控制提供了变革能力，但DRL的黑盒性质和不确定的RAS部署环境对其可靠性构成了新的挑战。尽管现有的作品对DRL政策施加了限制，以确保成功完成任务，但考虑到所有可靠性的属性，以整体方式评估DRL驱动的RA远远不足。在本文中，我们正式定义了时间逻辑中的一组可靠性属性，并构建离散时间马尔可夫链（DTMC），以建模DRL驱动的RAS的风险/失败动力学与随机环境相互作用。然后，我们在设计的DTMC上进行概率模型检查（PMC）以验证这些属性。我们的实验结果表明，所提出的方法是作为整体评估框架有效的，同时发现可能需要在培训中需要权衡取舍的物业之间的冲突。此外，我们发现标准DRL培训无法提高可靠性属性，因此需要定制优化目标。最后，我们的方法对环境的干扰水平的可靠性分析提供了敏感性分析，从而提供了保证实际RA的见解。

Cashews are grown by over 3 million smallholders in more than 40 countries worldwide as a principal source of income. As the third largest cashew producer in Africa, Benin has nearly 200,000 smallholder cashew growers contributing 15% of the country's national export earnings. However, a lack of information on where and how cashew trees grow across the country hinders decision-making that could support increased cashew production and poverty alleviation. By leveraging 2.4-m Planet Basemaps and 0.5-m aerial imagery, newly developed deep learning algorithms, and large-scale ground truth datasets, we successfully produced the first national map of cashew in Benin and characterized the expansion of cashew plantations between 2015 and 2021. In particular, we developed a SpatioTemporal Classification with Attention (STCA) model to map the distribution of cashew plantations, which can fully capture texture information from discriminative time steps during a growing season. We further developed a Clustering Augmented Self-supervised Temporal Classification (CASTC) model to distinguish high-density versus low-density cashew plantations by automatic feature extraction and optimized clustering. Results show that the STCA model has an overall accuracy of 80% and the CASTC model achieved an overall accuracy of 77.9%. We found that the cashew area in Benin has doubled from 2015 to 2021 with 60% of new plantation development coming from cropland or fallow land, while encroachment of cashew plantations into protected areas has increased by 70%. Only half of cashew plantations were high-density in 2021, suggesting high potential for intensification. Our study illustrates the power of combining high-resolution remote sensing imagery and state-of-the-art deep learning algorithms to better understand tree crops in the heterogeneous smallholder landscape.

We propose a novel approach to self-supervised learning of point cloud representations by differentiable neural rendering. Motivated by the fact that informative point cloud features should be able to encode rich geometry and appearance cues and render realistic images, we train a point-cloud encoder within a devised point-based neural renderer by comparing the rendered images with real images on massive RGB-D data. The learned point-cloud encoder can be easily integrated into various downstream tasks, including not only high-level tasks like 3D detection and segmentation, but low-level tasks like 3D reconstruction and image synthesis. Extensive experiments on various tasks demonstrate the superiority of our approach compared to existing pre-training methods.

Spatio-temporal machine learning is critically needed for a variety of societal applications, such as agricultural monitoring, hydrological forecast, and traffic management. These applications greatly rely on regional features that characterize spatial and temporal differences. However, spatio-temporal data are often complex and pose several unique challenges for machine learning models: 1) multiple models are needed to handle region-based data patterns that have significant spatial heterogeneity across different locations; 2) local models trained on region-specific data have limited ability to adapt to other regions that have large diversity and abnormality; 3) spatial and temporal variations entangle data complexity that requires more robust and adaptive models; 4) limited spatial-temporal data in real scenarios (e.g., crop yield data is collected only once a year) makes the problems intrinsically challenging. To bridge these gaps, we propose task-adaptive formulations and a model-agnostic meta-learning framework that ensembles regionally heterogeneous data into location-sensitive meta tasks. We conduct task adaptation following an easy-to-hard task hierarchy in which different meta models are adapted to tasks of different difficulty levels. One major advantage of our proposed method is that it improves the model adaptation to a large number of heterogeneous tasks. It also enhances the model generalization by automatically adapting the meta model of the corresponding difficulty level to any new tasks. We demonstrate the superiority of our proposed framework over a diverse set of baselines and state-of-the-art meta-learning frameworks. Our extensive experiments on real crop yield data show the effectiveness of the proposed method in handling spatial-related heterogeneous tasks in real societal applications.

Bird's-Eye-View (BEV) 3D Object Detection is a crucial multi-view technique for autonomous driving systems. Recently, plenty of works are proposed, following a similar paradigm consisting of three essential components, i.e., camera feature extraction, BEV feature construction, and task heads. Among the three components, BEV feature construction is BEV-specific compared with 2D tasks. Existing methods aggregate the multi-view camera features to the flattened grid in order to construct the BEV feature. However, flattening the BEV space along the height dimension fails to emphasize the informative features of different heights. For example, the barrier is located at a low height while the truck is located at a high height. In this paper, we propose a novel method named BEV Slice Attention Network (BEV-SAN) for exploiting the intrinsic characteristics of different heights. Instead of flattening the BEV space, we first sample along the height dimension to build the global and local BEV slices. Then, the features of BEV slices are aggregated from the camera features and merged by the attention mechanism. Finally, we fuse the merged local and global BEV features by a transformer to generate the final feature map for task heads. The purpose of local BEV slices is to emphasize informative heights. In order to find them, we further propose a LiDAR-guided sampling strategy to leverage the statistical distribution of LiDAR to determine the heights of local slices. Compared with uniform sampling, LiDAR-guided sampling can determine more informative heights. We conduct detailed experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of BEV-SAN. Code will be released.

Vision-Centric Bird-Eye-View (BEV) perception has shown promising potential and attracted increasing attention in autonomous driving. Recent works mainly focus on improving efficiency or accuracy but neglect the domain shift problem, resulting in severe degradation of transfer performance. With extensive observations, we figure out the significant domain gaps existing in the scene, weather, and day-night changing scenarios and make the first attempt to solve the domain adaption problem for multi-view 3D object detection. Since BEV perception approaches are usually complicated and contain several components, the domain shift accumulation on multi-latent spaces makes BEV domain adaptation challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel Multi-level Multi-space Alignment Teacher-Student ($M^{2}ATS$) framework to ease the domain shift accumulation, which consists of a Depth-Aware Teacher (DAT) and a Multi-space Feature Aligned (MFA) student model. Specifically, DAT model adopts uncertainty guidance to sample reliable depth information in target domain. After constructing domain-invariant BEV perception, it then transfers pixel and instance-level knowledge to student model. To further alleviate the domain shift at the global level, MFA student model is introduced to align task-relevant multi-space features of two domains. To verify the effectiveness of $M^{2}ATS$, we conduct BEV 3D object detection experiments on four cross domain scenarios and achieve state-of-the-art performance (e.g., +12.6% NDS and +9.1% mAP on Day-Night). Code and dataset will be released.